Hulthemia Persica Seeds (Part 2)

In order to rehydrate the Hulthemia persica seeds, I decided to wrap them in a damp paper towel, place them into a zip-lock bag and put them in the refrigerator.  After about 2 weeks, I took the seeds out of the paper towel and found that the paper towel had been darkly stained from the seeds.

The seeds were removed from the paper towel and placed back into the zip-lock bag and put back in the refrigerator for another 6-8 weeks.  Upon removal from the bag, much to my excitement, I found that one of the seeds had germinated!  I knew then that at least some of the seeds were viable.  This was great news.

Additionally, I noticed that the seeds were covered in a yellowish green material, something that I had never seen on rose seeds.  I suppose that it was a fungus.

Next, I divided the seeds into two groups: one group (43 seeds) was planted into the seedling benches along with the rose seeds; and the other group (30 seeds) was planted into a sandy soil mix taken from the native soil in my back yard (5 seeds per pot).

The story will continue…..

Hulthemia persica Seeds! (Part 1)

Last April I received the most amazing gift - Hulthemia persica seeds from Iran!  They came to me by way of Dr. David Byrne of Texas A&M University.  The seeds were brought to the U.S. by doctoral candidate Mahnaz Kiani.  She is working on a genomics project on sorghum with Dr. Patricia Klein.

Since it was already after my usual planting time and having already had experience germinating 'Tigris' seeds that were more than a year old, I thought that it would be prudent to put the envelop containing the blackened seed pods into the refrigerator for safekeeping until I could plant the seeds along with my rose seeds in 2014.

This is what the contents looked like when I opened the clear plastic bag last November.

The hips looked almost like they had been scorched and were completely dry and crispy. It made me wonder whether any of the seeds would be viable.

Seen close-up below, you can imagine how "unfriendly" the hips were.  I had to be careful removing the seeds so as not to puncture my fingers!

I noticed that unlike rose seeds, Hulthemia persica seeds were more uniform in shape and size.  Additionally, the seed covers appeared rather smooth.  Approximately 20 hips yielded 119 seeds.  73 of these seeds were placed in a damp paper towel and returned to the refrigerator in a zip-lock bag for further cold stratification.

The story will continue…..

2014 Sprouts!

Getting such a late start this year I was very happy to find that the rose seeds had already begun sprouting yesterday.  I counted about 30 brand new sprouts, and was very pleased to see that the cross with the most germinations, 12 of them, came from one of my newer Hulthemia seedlings (new seedling in 2011 code-named "O-04") that was crossed with 'Blue for You' pollen.  O-04 is a complex Hulthemia cross that has 'Eyeconic Lychee Lemonade' as a grandparent.  Despite the late start, I think that we should have as many seedlings as usual.  The main downside is that they will start to bloom at the peak of hybridizing season.  Should be exciting!

2014 Seeds Planted in New Seedling Beds!

I didn't think that it would ever happen, but it finally did!  All of the new seedling beds were built, filled with fresh new potting soil and planted.  So thankful for all of the help from the kids and my wife.  Should have first blooms in about 8 weeks.  Better late than never!

Seedling Benches, Starting Over

I suppose that 17 years is plenty long enough for seedling benches made out of wood, wire fencing and screen to last.  For the past 3 or 4 years in fact, we have been propping up rotting 2" X 4"s on one of the seedling benches that has been threatening to collapse.  So this year we decided to rebuild all of them and replenish them with brand new potting soil.  Each raised bed is 20 feet long by 5 feet wide and all of the boards are put together with screws so as to increase sturdiness.

Two down, two to go!

Some Late Season Blooms

The colors on the seedlings always seem more saturated during cooler weather.  Here are a few Hulthemia seedlings that I think are some of the best from this season.

First, is a seedling of 'Midnight Blue' X "mixed Hulthemia pollen".  It is really that dark purple, and it has the blotch type that bleeds into the rest of the petal.

The next seedling is a vigorous mini Hulthemia coming from a cross between 2 Hulthemia seedlings "N159-5" X "O117-5".  The pollen parent is a half-sister Hulthemia seedling of 'Thrive!', so I am hoping that it will have better disease resistance.  It is setting OP hips, so I am checking its germination this year to decide whether or not to use it in crosses next year.

Below is another Hulthemia that I am hopeful for improved disease resistance.  It is from a cross of 'Darlow's Enigma' X "mixed Hulthemia pollen".

This next seedling is from a cross of "L56-1" (a clean mini seedling of 'Thrive!'), it was crossed with "M62".  "M62" was one of my cleanest earlier Hulthemia seedlings that exhibited a good heat stable blotch, but lacked vigor and was very thorny.  This new seedling has good vigor, but got the thorns of it's pollen parent.

The last seedling shown below is from a cross of 'Eyeconic Pomegranate Lemonade' X mixed "Knock Out" pollen (I mixed 'Knock Out', 'Double Knock Out', 'Sunny Knock Out' and 'Milwaukee Calatrava").  It inherited great blotch heat stability from the seed parent, and hopefully will prove to have better than average disease resistance coming from the pollen parent.  We will know more next year when it is grown outside.

2013 Rose Breeding Season Winding Down

The rose breeding season is quickly winding down for 2013.  All of the hips have been harvested, most of the lesser desirable seedlings culled, and seedling beds are being prepped for the removal of the surviving seedlings.

The weather has continued to cool such that the Hulthemia blotches are at their darkest.  In fact, the blotch of the seedling highlighted in the Invisible Revealed post, where I mentioned that for the first time in that seedling's life that I was finally able to see that it was a Hulthemia, has continued to darken.

With the petals removed, it is very easy to see the blotch now.  It is amazing to think that as a young seedling, the blotch was not evident at all.

The above seedling is expected to have rather larger blooms as can be seen when compared to other Hulthemia seedings as shown below.  All of those in the following photo have some "clean genes" that will hopefully help to clean up the group from black spot.  The larger white seedling and smaller white seedling both have mixed Knock Out pollen (I collected and mixed pollen coming from 'Knock Out', 'Double Knock Out', 'Sunny Knock Out', and 'Milwaukee Calatrava') as their pollen parent.  The smaller white seedling's seed parent was 'Eyeconic Pomegranate Lemonade' to which it owes it's superior heat stable blotch.  The thornless coral pink seedling in the upper left corner is from a cross of "O352-1" X "Basye's Thornless".  "O352-1" has been highlighted elsewhere in this blog (The Largest Blotch - A Deadend and Hulthemia Fertility - Update on Seedling "O352").  The yellow seedling is the result of a complex Hulthemia seedling crossed with a very clean Hulthemia half-sister of 'Thrive!'.

Though most of the culling is done, about half of the remaining seedlings will have to go.  As the blotches darken, it is more difficult to cull seedlings with good blotches.  I'm not sure whether this next one will survive the last round of culling.....

Moving Toward Cleaner Minis

Miniature roses are not known for their cleanliness.  There is much room for improving the health of this class of roses.  This has been a goal of mine for several years, but initially I was only addressing powdery mildew resistance.  One of my favorite mini seedlings is named 'Pearl Sanford'.  Although it has very good powdery mildew resistance, like most minis, it is very susceptible to black spot.

Therefore, 'Pearl Sanford', which happens to be an excellent seed parent, has been crossed with two lines of roses that have very good black spot resistance.  The first shown below is a cross of 'Pearl Sanford' X "Basye's Thornless" (aka "Basye's Legacy").  This is a brand new seedling from this year.  It only has 8-10 petals, but has taller buds than most "Basye's Thornless" seedlings and it's petals unfurl nicely.  It sets hips very readily and this coming year I will be testing it's germination rate.

The second seedling is a cross of 'Pearl Sanford' X 'Double Knock Out'.  I didn't expect to get much from this cross, however, this seedling has very full blooms with fairly good form.  It gets some powdery mildew when conditions are right, but does not get severe infections.  It appears to not set hips, however, it produces at least some pollen.

I am hoping that by combining these two lines, I will be able to get an exhibition mini that combines good powdery mildew resistance with better horizontal black spot resistance.  Since I will not be making crosses between these two until next Spring, the first seedlings will not sprout until 2015.  This hobby has a way of developing patience!

Invisible Revealed

Last year I made several crosses onto some of my best Hulthemia seed parents with many of Will Radler's black spot resistant varieties - 'Knock Out', 'Double Knock Out', 'White Out', 'Sunny Knock Out' and 'Milwaukee Calitrava'.  Among these, were many fewer seedlings exhibiting blotches than is usual, and that made me think that somehow these cleaner varieties were "resistant" to exhibiting the blotch. 

As previously mentioned in this blog, the Hulthemia blotch intensifies in cooler weather and as expected for October, we have been having much cooler weather over the last month.  Well, what was invisible is now visible, albeit extremely subtle.  I kept this seedling not for its blotch (because I didn't think that it had one), but for its cleanliness and floriferousness.  I had thought that it might make an improved 'White Out'.  In fact I was disappointed when it first bloomed and didn't have a blotch.  Now, in the cooler weather, if you look very closely, you can see that it does in fact have a blotch and will therefore be able to pass along the blotch in further breeding.

I'm glad that I kept this seedling.  Would you keep it?

First Harvest and Heat Stability Revisited

Well another harvest season has begun!  The hips on my earliest ripening seed parents have turned color and started to fall, indicating that the hips are ripe and that they had better be picked or lost!

I think that our warm temperatures have helped to hasten ripening.  Our coolest daytime high temperature in the last 34 days has been 94º F.  Twenty four of these have been 100º F. or hotter.  This has provided ample opportunity to assess the blotch heat stability of the newest Hulthemias from 2012 when grown outside the greenhouse.  The three below are real standouts.  Photos were taken in the last 2 or 3 days.

2013 "Basye's Thornless" Seedlings

I have been very pleased with the "Basye's Thornless" seedlings that made their appearance this year among my 2013 seedlings - especially a couple of the fully remontant (repeat blooming) Hulthemia hybrids.  The first photo is of my favorite.  

It is from a cross of "N144-2" X "Basye's Thornless".  The Hulthemia seed parent, "N144-2", came from a cross of 'Pearl Sanford' with one of my earlier Hulthemia seedlings.  As can be seen in the photo, this seedling blooms a lot.  And like most of the "Basye's Thornless" seedlings, it seems to be quite vigorous and fertile.  "Basye's Thornless" is a pink, 5-petalled, once blooming, thornless rose bred by Dr. Robert E. Basye and has good black spot and powdery mildew disease resistance.  HelpMeFind has good photos of it - click "Basye's Thornless" to see it. Also worth noting, "Basye's Thornless" appears to be the same rose as 'Commander Gillette' and "Basye's Legacy".

Though my main interest last year was in crossing "Basye's Thornless" with many of my Hulthemia seed parent seedlings, I also crossed it with several non-Hulthemia seedlings.  Below are 3 coming from a cross where "L56-1" was the seed parent.  "L56-1" is a seedling of 'Thrive!' that I have mentioned elsewhere.

By now, you are probably seeing the pattern, that "Basye's Thornless" produces lots of pink seedlings. Pink is definitely very strong in this line which is why I was surprised when I saw the following seedling that came from a Hulthemia cross (no blotch on this one), but it's white.

Yellow is an even more difficult color to get.  In the 3 photos below, you can see some yellow coloration.  These seedlings might be useful to get yellow thornless seedlings in the next generation. The first one has 'First Impression' as a grandparent. The second one is from a yellow Hulthemia and is showing just a hint of the Hulthemia blotch (it also has 'First Impression' in it's lineage).  The third photo below is a bit blurry, but I included it because this one has the most yellow coloration of them all seen at the base of the petals.

Below are a few more from Hulthemia crosses that are showing better blotches.  The second and third ones shown below are sister seedlings from the same cross.  The third one appears to be closer to a mini in size and is another one of my favorites.

In this years crop of "Basye's Thornless" seedlings, it appears that 75% or more have been non-remontant (meaning that they will not bloom this year and may take 2 to 3 years or more to bloom for the first time).  The majority seem to have few or no thorns, but I have noticed a significant number of them having little bristles, or stubble that actually does not feel very sharp, so they are almost as easy to handle as the thornless seedlings.

In closing this post, here is a more recent photo of the seedling show at the top.  I am very happy with it's apparent good repeat blooming power.

2013 'Darlow's Enigma' Seedlings

Last year I was so impressed with the open pollinated seedlings that were produced from 'Darlow's Enigma' that I made several hundred crosses using it both ways, as a seed and as a pollen parent.  I found that it cooperates much better as a seed parent.  The majority of the crosses using it as a pollen parent failed, however, there were a few that produced seedlings that were clearly from 'Darlow's Enigma'.  The first seedling shown below is one from such a cross.  This was from "L56-1" X 'Darlow's Enigma'.  "L56-1" is a seedling of 'Thrive!'.  This photo of the young seedling is a bit washed out, but it does hint at this seedling's floriferous potential (one of the main traits for which I am most interested in using 'Darlow's Enigma').

Of course I used it predominantly in crosses with mixed Hulthemia pollen.  There are about 15 or so that I am still watching, but the three below are a few of my favorites.  The first is special because of the size and intensity of the blotch.  Unfortunately it is also very thorny (as are most of the ones coming from the mixed Hulthemia pollen crosses).

The next one has a smaller blotch, but is quite vigorous and floriferous, and has the fewest thorns of this group.  It's blotch will be larger and more intense when it matures.  Overall, it is my favorite of the 'Darlow's Enigma' seedlings from this year.

The last seedling, though coming from a cross using mixed Hulthemia pollen, has no blotch.  However, the first time that I saw it bloom I knew that I would have to let it mature to see how it performs as a grown-up seedling.  The petals have almost a glowing quality to them.  It will be interesting to see whether this characteristic is preserved when grown outdoors.